Sections
- Summary
- Spending on Shelter and Hygiene Programs
- Implementation of Services and Capacity Added
- Households Served
- Household Outcomes
- Household Demographics
- Household Demographics: Race and Ethnicity
- Household Demographics: Age
- Household Demographics: Gender Identity
- Household Demographics: Sexual Orientation
- Glossary
OCOH Service Areas
This page provides information about the Shelter and Hygiene service area. Use the links below to navigate to other OCOH Fund service area pages.
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Summary
Up to 10% of the Our City, Our Home (OCOH) Fund may be appropriated for shelter and hygiene services, such as temporary shelters, services within shelters, crisis interventions that provide hygiene and support services to households sleeping outdoors, and other related services. During Fiscal Year 2022-2023 (FY22-23), the City expended $38.8 million and served 2,772 households through OCOH Fund shelter and crisis intervention services. Expenditures supported the addition of 244 temporary shelter units. An increase in temporary shelter that was offset by a small decrease in crisis intervention capacity produced a net increase in overall shelter and hygiene capacity of 238 units. The Department of Homelessness and Supportive Housing (HSH) delivered the majority of shelter and hygiene services implemented through this service area and the Adult Probation Department (APD) also delivered selected programming.
Spending on Shelter and Hygiene Programs
Over the three years of the Fund, the City budgeted a total of $79.0 million on OCOH Fund Shelter and Hygiene programming and expended $64.6 million during that timeframe. By the close of FY22-23, the City had a remaining balance of $14.4 million to carry forward and support the FY23-24 and FY24-25 spending plan.
The City spent $38.8 million in Shelter and Hygiene services in FY22-23. Though some Crisis Intervention programs demobilized in FY22-23, reducing both spending and capacity in that area, the City added several new Temporary Shelter programs and significantly increased its spending in this category, from $7.6 million in the prior two years up to $24.1 million in FY22-23.
The dashboard below aggregates the three-year budget inclusive of FY20-21, FY21-22, and FY22-23 (FY21-FY23). The cards at the top of the dashboard show the cumulative revised budget for OCOH-funded Shelter and Hygiene programs, the total amount expended in these programs in the three-year period, and the remaining balance as of June 30, 2023. The bar chart in the dashboard below shows the total spending within each category of OCOH-funded Shelter and Hygiene programs for the three fiscal years of the Fund.
Data notes and sources
Data notes and sources
The OCOH Fund is a special fund which allows unexpended fund balances to carry forward into the following year automatically. The cumulative budget includes prior-year carry-forward balances as well as any budget reductions made to account for revenue shortfalls during the three-year period.
The financial data included in the dashboard was extracted from the City’s financial system after the close of the FY22-23 books and all adjustments related to the year-end close occurred.
Implementation of Services and Capacity Added
The OCOH Fund supported the addition of 244 Temporary Shelter units in FY22-23. In net, the City reduced the number of crisis intervention slots between FY21-22 and FY22-23. At the fiscal year end, a total capacity of 750 slots were active across OCOH Fund Shelter and Hygiene programs.
Many programs were initially implemented as part of COVID-19 response efforts and received additional federal and state emergency funds to aid in their expansion. As federal and state funding phased out, the City appropriated the OCOH Funds to open a new family shelter, launch emergency hotel vouchers, institute a new cabins project, and sustain newly opened Navigation Centers beds while demobilizing COVID-19 shelter and hygiene interventions like Safe Sleep sites.
The dashboard below shows the number of units of shelter and hygiene capacity added using OCOH Funds during FY21-22 and FY22-23. The cards at the top provide a total count of units supported by the OCOH Fund by year-end and the number of units added in FY22-23 specifically. The bar chart shows the amount of shelter and hygiene capacity added by program type each year.
Data notes and sources
Data notes and sources
Capacity added within the Temporary Shelter category includes new shelter beds, trailers or temporary hotel vouchers added using the OCOH Fund. Capacity added within the Crisis Interventions category includes spaces available as of June 30, 2023 at Safe Sleep and Safe Parking programs. Capacity at the Navigation Center for justice involved adults is excluded, as the capacity added was funded through other sources. However, since the OCOH Fund contributes to case management at that facility, households served through case management activities are included in later sections of the report.
The FY20-21 and FY21-22 OCOH Annual Report included 119 units of Crisis Intervention – Safe Sleep Safe Parking capacity. Capacity added for that year is now reported as 117 in this year’s report because data was corrected to show units were held offline for office space.
Temporary Shelter Programs
Temporary Shelter programs are temporary, indoor places to sleep for people experiencing homelessness. In FY22-23, the OCOH Fund sustained the ongoing operations of several programs, including programs initiated using the OCOH Fund and those where the City appropriated OCOH funds to sustain the program after federal and/or state funding ended.
The City used the OCOH Fund to sustain the following programs in FY22-23:
- Pier 94 Trailer Program: 116 units of capacity sustained for the fiscal year.
- Providence Family Services Center at the Oasis Hotel: 52 units including long-term family shelter and family emergency shelter.
- Gough Street Cabin Site: 70 cabins sustained with a 2-year extension for the program.
- Case Management: continued support for case management services at a 30-bed Navigation Center for justice-involved adults managed by the Adult Probation Department.
The Ciy opened three Navigation Centers during FY20-21 and FY21-22. Navigation Centers are low-barrier temporary shelter programs with on-site case management and flexible programming that accommodates couples, pets and people with many belongings. The City appropriated OCOH Funds for these new interventions in FY21-22 but used one-time state sources for these programs until FY22-23. Beginning FY22-23, the City used OCOH Funds to sustain 370 beds across three sites.
Urgent Accommodation Vouchers (UAVs), also known as "hotel vouchers," provide low-barrier, 24/7 access through designated referral partners and self-referral. In FY22-23, the City delivered a portion of funded UAV services through a hotel-based program for families.
Crisis Interventions
Crisis interventions are temporary outdoor safe places to sleep for people experiencing homelessness including the Safe Sleep and Safe Parking programs. These are not indoor programs and are not permanent shelter sites.
Safe Sleep is a program that allows people experiencing unsheltered homelessness to sleep safely outdoors in tents, with access to services and sanitation. The City first implemented Safe Sleep in FY19-20 as a part of the COVID-19 response, and OCOH Funds have sustained the program since December 2020. Two Safe Sleep sites operated through the end of FY22-23 with variable capacity throughout the year, and an estimated total capacity of 60 tents at year-end, representing a reduction in capacity from prior years.
Safe Parking, also called Vehicle Triage Center (VTC), is a crisis intervention program that allows people living in their vehicles to park overnight, with security and some amenities, and connections to services. With new OCOH Fund support, the City initiated the Bayview Vehicle Triage Center Site in January 2023 at a capacity of approximately 57 vehicle spots.
Households Served
During FY22-23, 2,772 households were served in OCOH Fund Shelter and Hygiene programs, including 254 households served in crisis intervention programs, 2,186 households served in temporary shelter, plus 332 households served with case management services for justice involved adults.
The dashboard below shows the total number of households served through OCOH-funded shelter and hygiene programs during FY22-23, where data is available. The bar chart shows the number of households served through each category of OCOH-funded programs.
Data notes and sources
Data notes and sources
Households that received services in more than one shelter and hygiene program type are duplicated in total households served.
Household Outcomes
As of June 30, 2023, about 16% of households served in OCOH-funded Shelter and Hygiene programs during the reporting period had a positive outcome.
Exiting a temporary shelter or crisis intervention program to permanent housing is a positive program outcome. Among programs where data is available, 17% of households that exited temporary shelter and 8% of households that exited crisis intervention programs during the fiscal year obtained permanent housing. As noted by the Department of Homelessness and Supportive Housing (HSH), there are large gaps in information about clients’ exit destinations when they leave shelter, which may account for the low reported rate of positive outcomes for shelter clients, to some extent. Program staff do not always know information about where a client is exiting to when the client leaves the shelter and data systems do not include an exit destination for up to 50% of exits from shelter programs across the system. The department is working on data improvements to support increased understanding about client exits from shelter programs.
The cards at the top of the dashboard below reflect data from FY22-23 and show the number of households that exited a program, the number of households that exited with a positive outcome, and the percent of households that exited with a positive outcome where this data is tracked. The bar chart shows the percent of households served through OCOH-funded Shelter and Hygiene programs during FY22-23 with a positive outcome by type of shelter and hygiene program, where data is available. Programs where outcome data is not tracked are excluded from the percentage of households with a positive outcome.
Data notes and sources
Data notes and sources
This data reflects point-in-time household outcomes. For households that were participating in a shelter and hygiene program as of June 30, 2023, these data reflect their outcome as of that date. For households that exited a shelter and hygiene program prior to June 30, 2023, these data reflect their outcome at the time they exited the program.
Exiting a temporary shelter or crisis intervention program to permanent housing is a positive program outcome. The percent of households with a positive outcome is calculated by dividing the number of households that exited the program to housing by the total number of households that exited the shelter or hygiene program. Consistent with HUD’s System Performance Measures Programming Specifications, clients that are deceased or exit to certain living situations like hospitals or long-term care facilities are excluded from the measure.
Outcome data is excluded for households served in the case management for justice involved adults program.
Household Demographics
The City collects demographic data about the head of household for households served in OCOH-funded shelter and hygiene programs. Demographic categories include race, ethnicity, age, gender identity, and sexual orientation. Demographic data was unavailable for the 332 households served in the case management for justice involved adults program, making up about 12% of all households served.
A total of 956 heads of households served in Shelter and Hygiene programs identified as White, 35% of households served. About 873 heads of households identified as Black, African American, or African, 32% of households served. About 633 heads of households identified as Latine, 23% of households served.
About 40% of heads of households served in Shelter and Hygiene programs were between 25 and 44.
Over half of heads of households served identified as male, 29% identified as female, 2% identified as transgender or genderqueer or gender non-binary, and 13% of heads of households had an unknown gender identity.
Two-thirds of heads of households identified as straight or heterosexual.
Household Demographics: Race and Ethnicity
The following dashboard shows the race and ethnicity of the head of household for all households served through OCOH Fund shelter and hygiene programs during FY22-23, where data was available.
Race and ethnicity are often collected separately, though practices vary across departments. The dashboard below provides ethnicity of heads of households within the cards at the top of the dashboard. The cards show the number of heads of households who identify as Latine, those who identify as non-Latine and those whose ethnicity was unknown. The bar chart in the dashboard shows the number of households by the race of the head of household.
Data notes and sources
Data notes and sources
The following race categories are combined in “Unknown”: “Data not collected,” “Missing Data,” and “Doesn’t Know / Refused.”
Demographic data for households served by case management services for justice involved adults are not available for this report. The 332 households served in this program are in the “Unknown” category above.
Household Demographics: Age
The following dashboard shows the age range of the head of household for all households served through OCOH-funded shelter and hygiene programs during FY22-23, where data was available.
Data notes and sources
Data notes and sources
Demographic groups with fewer than ten households are reported as “<10” in the table and with a grey bar in the graph reflecting the number 10. Fewer than 10 households served in shelter and hygiene programs had a head of household under 18.
Demographic data for households served by case management services for justice involved adults are not available for this report. The 332 households served in this program are listed as “Unknown” above.
Household Demographics: Gender Identity
The following dashboard shows the gender identity of the head of household for all households served through OCOH-funded shelter and hygiene programs during FY22-23, where data was available.
Data notes and sources
Data notes and sources
Heads of household who identified as “Questioning” or “Non-Binary” are coded in the “Genderqueer or Gender Non-Binary" category.
The following gender categories are combined in “Unknown”: “Data not collected,” “Decline to answer,” “Other,” “Unknown,” “Not Listed,” and “Client Doesn’t Know / Refused.”
Demographic data for households served by case management services for justice involved adults are not available for this report. The 332 households served in this program are listed as “Unknown” above.
Household Demographics: Sexual Orientation
The following dashboard shows the sexual orientation of the head of household for all households served through OCOH-funded shelter and hygiene programs during FY22-23, where data was available.
Data notes and sources
Data notes and sources
The following sexual orientation categories are combined in “Unknown”: “Client Refused,” “Data Not Collected,” “Unknown,” “Missing Data,” “Decline to Answer.”
Demographic data for households served by case management services for justice involved adults are not available for this report. The households served in this program are listed as “Unknown” in the dashboard above.
Glossary
The glossary provides definitions for certain terms and program names used on this page.
Temporary Shelter
Temporary, indoor safe places to sleep for people experiencing literal homelessness or fleeing domestic violence. Shelter programs provide four walls and a roof, access to plumbing, appropriate ventilation, adequate heating/cooling, electricity, and prepared food and/or cooking elements.
Crisis Intervention
Temporary outdoor safe places to sleep for people experiencing literal homelessness or fleeing domestic violence. These places do not meet the requirements of shelter according to HUD or City of San Francisco building standards.
Safe Sleep
A crisis intervention program that allows people experiencing unsheltered homelessness to sleep safely outdoors, often in tents the participants provide themselves. Safe sleep sites are off sidewalks, with access to services and sanitation.
Safe Parking
Also called Vehicle Triage Center, a crisis intervention program that allows people living in their vehicles to park overnight, with security and some amenities, and connections to services.
Case Management Services for Justice-Involved Adults
Support services and case management at a navigation center for adults who have interacted with the criminal justice system as defendants.
Allocated Costs
This term refers to an allocated proportion of the cost to administer the services funded by OCOH, including information and technology, human resources, database and data management, finance and administration and other program supports. In most cases, the OCOH Fund is not the only source of funding for programs described here, and the allocation of administrative costs to run these programs accounts for mixed sources.