Electronic Format

Before providing a document to someone who uses a screen reader, it's important to confirm that the file format is compatible with their software. Asking the individual about their preferred format is a crucial step.

Word processing programs like Microsoft Word or Corel WordPerfect are sources of documents that can be easily converted into accessible formats. These formats are generally more adaptable for conversion into screen-readable text.

Several electronic formats and technologies have been developed to improve accessibility to written materials. These technologies are designed to support a wide range of needs and preferences. Here are some of the key electronic formats and assistive technologies:

Screen Readers
What they do: Convert text displayed on a computer screen into speech. Some screen readers can also provide Braille output.
Examples: JAWS (Job Access With Speech), NVDA (NonVisual Desktop Access), VoiceOver (for Apple devices), and TalkBack (for Android devices).

Refreshable Braille Displays
What they do: Allow users to read text in Braille format that is displayed electronically. These devices connect to computers or mobile devices and convert text into Braille by raising dots through holes on a flat surface.
Use: For reading emails, browsing the web, and using applications in Braille.

Digital Talking Books (DTBs)
Format: DAISY (Digital Accessible Information System) is a widely recognized format for digital talking books. It allows users to navigate, bookmark, and control the speed of spoken text.
Use: For reading books, magazines, and other published content. Can be used with specialized software or hardware players designed for DAISY content.

E-book Readers with Accessibility Features
What they offer: Many modern e-book readers and apps include features such as text-to-speech, adjustable font sizes, and high-contrast modes to accommodate users with low vision or blindness.
Examples: Amazon Kindle, Apple Books, and Google Play Books often have built-in accessibility features.

Magnification Software
What it does: Enlarges content on a computer or mobile device screen, making it easier to read for individuals with low vision.
Examples: ZoomText, MAGic, and built-in magnification tools in Windows, macOS, iOS, and Android.

Optical Character Recognition (OCR) Software
What it does: Converts scanned images of text into digital text that can be read by screen readers or converted into Braille.
Examples: KNFB Reader, ABBYY FineReader, and the built-in OCR capabilities in smartphones.

Web Accessibility Tools
What they offer: Extensions and services designed to make web content more accessible. They can adjust website color contrasts, font sizes, and provide easier navigation for keyboard-only users.
Examples: Browser extensions like WAVE or tools built into web browsers like Chrome's accessibility features.

These technologies play a crucial role in providing access to information, education, and entertainment for individuals with visual impairments, enhancing their independence and quality of life.