Sections
- OCOH Service Areas
- Summary
- Spending on Permanent Housing Programs
- Implementation of Services and Capacity Added
- Households Served
- Household Outcomes
- Household Demographics
- Household Demographics: Race and Ethnicity
- Household Demographics: Age
- Household Demographics: Gender Identity
- Household Demographics: Sexual Orientation
- Glossary
OCOH Service Areas
This page provides information about the Permanent Housing service area. Use the links below to navigate to other OCOH Fund service area pages.
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Summary
Permanent Housing is a central component of the Our City, Our Home (OCOH) Fund, with at least 50% of the Fund allocated for this service area. The Permanent Housing service area includes three sub-categories: at least 25% of the Permanent Housing funding must be appropriated for families, 20% for youth, and the remaining 55% for a general population (designated here as “adult”).
The OCOH Fund can be used for acquiring, constructing, rehabilitating or leasing buildings or units for the purpose of providing permanent housing for people experiencing homelessness. During Fiscal Year 2022-2023 (FY22-23), the City expended $94.0 million on acquisition of new buildings for use as permanent supportive housing. The fund can also be used for ongoing operations of housing, permanent housing subsidies, and limited short-term housing subsidies of less than five years. During FY22-23, the City expended $56.9 million in housing operations. Overall, the City funded 2,909 units of housing capacity across several types of housing, including 783 net units of capacity added in FY22-23. The City served 2,273 households.
During the two-year period, the Department of Homelessness and Supportive Housing (HSH), the Mayor’s Office of Housing and Community Development (MOHCD), and the Office of Economic and Workforce Development (OEWD) delivered OCOH-funded permanent housing services.
Spending on Permanent Housing Programs
Over the three years of the Fund, the City budgeted a total of $518.9 million on permanent housing programming and expended $273.7 million during that timeframe. By the close of FY22-23, the City had a remaining balance of $245.2 million that will carry forward for programming in FY23-24 and beyond. This remaining balance includes $164.3 million in housing acquisition funds committed to two general housing projects and a TAY housing project.
There are two types of costs within the Permanent Housing service area: acquisition and operating costs. Acquisition funding is used to purchase, rehabilitate or construct buildings. The City expended the largest portion of OCOH Permanent Housing funding in acquisitions, with $94.0 million in expenditures during FY22-23. The City purchased two new housing sites in FY22-23, adding 200 new units immediately, and operating 114 additional units as temporary shelter until site renovations are completed. Capacity added includes sites that were acquired and started operating during the fiscal year. Buildings that were acquired but did not start operations during the fiscal year are excluded from this figure.
The City used the OCOH Fund in prior fiscal years for the up-front purchase of properties permanent supportive housing. In FY22-23, HSH received State Homekey grant funding to offset its acquisition costs and leverage OCOH dollars to complete the sites’ rehabilitation capital work. For this reason, expenditure data in the charts below show “negative” expenditure values, reflecting a repayment to the Fund.
The dashboard below aggregates the three-year budget for the Permanent Housing service area inclusive of FY20-21, FY21-22, and FY22-23 (FY21-FY23). Use the filters at the top of the dashboard to view the complete Permanent Housing service area (“All Households”) or to view the sub-categories by population designated through the Fund (Adults, Families, Youth). The cards at the top of the dashboard show the cumulative revised budget for OCOH-funded Permanent Housing programs, the total amount expended in these programs in the three-year period, and remaining balance as of June 30, 2023. The bar chart in the dashboard below shows the total spending for permanent housing acquisition and operations for each fiscal year.
Data notes and sources
Data notes and sources
The OCOH Fund is a special fund which allows unexpended fund balances to carry forward into the following year automatically. The cumulative budget includes prior-year carry-forward balances as well as any budget reductions made to account for revenue shortfalls during the three-year period.
The financial data included in the dashboard was extracted from the City’s financial system after the close of the FY22-23 books and all adjustments related to the year-end close occurred.
The City expended $56.9 million in permanent housing operations in FY22-23. Among these operating costs, the City expended the largest portion of OCOH Permanent Housing funding in scattered site permanent supportive housing. See the next section for more information about OCOH-funded capacity added to the system. Expenditures for most program types increased year-to-year in the three-year period.
The dashboard below displays the expenditures for operating costs within the Permanent Housing service area for the three years of the Fund (budget and expenditures for acquisitions are excluded from the dashboard below). Use the filters at the top of the dashboard to view the complete Permanent Housing service area (“All Households”) or to view the sub-categories by population designated through the Fund (Adults, Families, Youth). The bar chart in the dashboard below shows the total spending within each OCOH-funded Permanent Housing program by fiscal year.
Data notes and sources
Data notes and sources
The OCOH Fund is a special fund which allows unexpended fund balances to carry forward into the following year automatically. The cumulative budget includes prior-year carry-forward balances as well as any budget reductions made to account for revenue shortfalls during the three-year period.
The financial data included in the dashboard was extracted from the City’s financial system after the close of the FY22-23 books and all adjustments related to the year-end close occurred.
Implementation of Services and Capacity Added
In FY22-23, the City used OCOH funds to add 783 new units of permanent housing capacity. Since its launch, the OCOH Fund has contributed to the creation of 2,909 total units of permanent housing capacity across program types as of the end of FY22-23. A large portion of the FY22-23 expansion of capacity occurred within family housing, with 503 new units of capacity added across the four program types, representing 64% of all new units last year.
The dashboard below shows the number of units of permanent housing added using OCOH Funds during FY21-22 and FY22-23. The cards at the top provide a total count of units supported by the OCOH Fund by year-end and the number of units added in FY22-23 specifically. The bar chart shows the amount of housing capacity added by program type. Use the filters at the top of the dashboard to view the complete Permanent Housing service area (“All Households”) or to view the sub-categories by population designated through the Fund (Adults, Families, Youth).
Scattered Site Permanent Supportive Housing
Scattered site permanent supportive housing includes the Flexible Housing Subsidy Pool and Emergency Housing Voucher (EHV) programs. These programs offer deeply subsidized rental housing with support services that are located in private market apartments. In FY22-23, the OCOH Fund supported 1,328 new and existing slots, including 440 slots added in FY22-23. The OCOH Fund supports 971 adult slots, 236 family slots, and 121 youth slots. In particular, the City added 164 family slots, and initiated the Transitional Age Youth (TAY) Flexible Housing Subsidy Pool program during FY22-23, adding 50 slots for youth.
Site-Based Permanent Supportive Housing
Site-based permanent supportive housing is deeply subsidized rental housing with intensive support services that is located in a building owned or leased by the City or a nonprofit partner. Support services are provided on-site. Some buildings include additional services like nursing, education and job training, youth and child programming, and food security support. In FY22-23, the City added 200 units of site-based permanent supportive housing at the 333 12th Street property specifically to support families and began leasing units in June 2023. The City also acquired the 685 Ellis Street site for permanent supportive housing for adults, though the units are not counted as new housing capacity at this time, as the building will operate as temporary shelter until capital improvements can be completed. In total, the OCOH Fund supported operations for 902 units of site-based permanent supportive housing in FY22-23, including 586 adult units, 239 family units, and 77 youth units.
Rapid Rehousing (RRH)
Rapid Rehousing is a housing intervention that provides a time-limited rental subsidy (often two or three years), support with housing search, case management services, and workforce development programming. During FY22-23, the City contracted with nonprofit providers to administer 350 vouchers for adult households, 165 vouchers for youth households, and 58 vouchers for families.
Family Rental Subsidy
The OCOH Fund supports two family-oriented rental subsidy programs. The OCOH Fund supported 36 subsidies for families with minor children who are living in overcrowded conditions, such as single-room occupancy hotels, to move into larger, private market apartments in FY22-23. Additionally, the City used the OCOH Fund to initiate a Family Housing Ladder program during FY22-23, providing 70 slots for families living in permanent supportive housing who no longer require supportive services to move to scattered site units.
Households Served
During FY22-23, the City served 2,272 households in OCOH-funded permanent housing programs, including 1,330 households in scattered site permanent supportive housing programs, 416 households in rapid rehousing, 487 households in site-based permanent supportive housing, and 39 households through families rental subsidies. Many of the new programs launched in FY22-23 are in the implementation stages, and so the number of households served may be less than total capacity available across OCOH-funded programs.
The dashboard below shows the total number of households served through OCOH permanent housing programs during FY22-23. The bar chart shows the number of households served through each category of OCOH-funded programs.
Use the filters at the top of the dashboard to view the complete Permanent Housing service area (“All Households”) or to view the sub-categories by population designated through the Fund (Adults, Families, Youth).
Household Outcomes
As of June 30, 2023, 97% of households served in OCOH Fund Permanent Housing programs during the reporting period had a positive outcome. A positive outcome includes retention in a permanent housing program or exiting a program to other permanent housing, such as renting a new unit or living with friends or family.
The cards at the top of the dashboard reflect data from FY22-23 and show the number of households served, the number of households served with a positive outcome, and the percent of households served with a positive outcome. The bar chart shows the percent of households served through funded permanent housing programs during FY22-23 by type of permanent housing program. As there is some variation in tracking of outcomes across programs, the total number of households served reported in the dashboards below differs slightly from the prior section.
Use the filters at the top of the dashboard to view the complete Permanent Housing service area (“All Households”) or to view the sub-categories by population designated through the Fund (Adults, Families, Youth).
Data notes and sources
Data notes and sources
These data reflect point-in-time household outcomes. For households that were participating in a permanent housing program as of June 30, 2023, these data reflect their outcome as of that date. For households that exited a permanent housing program prior to June 30, 2023, these data reflect their housing outcome at the time they exited the program.
The Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) defines which outcomes from permanent housing programs are considered positive, or “successful.” Positive outcomes include staying in permanent supportive housing or leaving the housing program and going to another permanent housing situation. Other outcomes include leaving the program and going into a skilled nursing facility or substance use treatment program, moving in with family or friends on a temporary basis, going to jail or prison, or returning to homelessness. A full list of exit destinations are included on pages 34 and 35 of HUD’s System Performance Measures Programming Specifications.
The percent of households with a positive outcome is calculated by dividing the number of households retained in a program or with a positive exit destination by the total number of households served. Per HUD, clients that are deceased or exit to certain living situations like hospitals or long-term care facilities are excluded from the measure.
Household Demographics
The City collects demographic data about the head of household for households served in OCOH Fund permanent housing programs. Demographic categories include race, ethnicity, age, gender identity, and sexual orientation.
Nearly half of heads of households served in permanent housing programs identified as Black, African American or African.
The age distribution of heads of households was relatively even across age groups. The most frequent age groups for heads of household were 18 to 24 and 25 to 34, as nearly half of heads of households among family programs and all youth program heads of households are in these two age categories. Among adult programs, the most common age category is 55 to 64.
Across all households served, about an even number of heads of households identify as male or female while a small minority identify as genderqueer or gender nonbinary or transgender. Among housing programs designated for families, most heads of households identify as female.
Most heads of households identified as straight or heterosexual.
Household Demographics: Race and Ethnicity
The following dashboard shows the race and ethnicity of the head of household for all households served through OCOH Fund permanent housing programs during FY22-23, where data was available.
Race and ethnicity are often collected separately, though practices vary across departments. The dashboard below provides ethnicity of heads of households within the cards at the top of the dashboard. The cards show the number of heads of households who identify as Latine, those who identify as Non-Latine and those whose ethnicity was unknown. The bar chart in the dashboard shows the number of households by the race of the head of household.
Use the filters at the top of the dashboard to view the complete Permanent Housing service area (“All Households”) or to view the sub-categories by population designated through the Fund (Adults, Families, Youth).
Data notes and sources
Data notes and sources
Following the Department of Housing and Urban Development’s (HUD) standards, HSH collects data on household race and ethnicity in two separate questions. MOHCD collects race and ethnicity together in one question. MOHCD and DPH race and ethnicity data was recoded to match the HUD reporting categories following the department’s standards for HUD reporting.
Heads of households that identified as “Latino” as a race in MOHCD programs were recoded to the “Multi-Racial” race category. To align to the HUD standards where each individual has both a race and an ethnicity identified, these same heads of households that identified as “Latino” in MOHCD programs were also assigned the “Latine” ethnicity category.
Heads of households that identified as “Middle Eastern, West Asian or North African” in MOHCD programs were recoded to the “White” race category. Heads of households that identified as any race or ethnicity besides “Latino” were assigned to the “Non-Latine” ethnicity category. Heads of households who had missing data were coded in the “Unknown” ethnicity category. Head of Households coded as "Unknown" are masked for the Adult, Family, and Youth sub-populations due to privacy standards requiring the masking of data figures less than 10.
The following race categories are combined in “Unknown”: “Data not collected,” “Missing Data,” and “Doesn’t Know / Refused.”
Demographic data was unavailable for households served in the SRO Family Rental Subsidy program, under the Permanent Housing service are. These households are excluded from the dashboard above.
Household Demographics: Age
The following dashboard shows the age range of the head of household for all households served through OCOH Fund permanent housing programs during FY22-23, where data was available.
Use the filters at the top of the dashboard to view the complete Permanent Housing service area (“All Households”) or to view the sub-categories by population designated through the Fund (Adults, Families, Youth).
Data notes and sources
Data notes and sources
Demographic data was unavailable for households served in the SRO Family Rental Subsidy program. Those households are excluded from this dashboard.
Household Demographics: Gender Identity
The following dashboard shows the gender identity of the head of household for all households served through OCOH Fund permanent housing programs during FY22-23, where data was available.
Use the filters at the top of the dashboard to view the complete Permanent Housing service area (“All Households”) or to view the sub-categories by population designated through the Fund (Adults, Families, Youth).
Data notes and sources
Data notes and sources
Heads of household who identified as “Questioning” or “Non-Binary” are coded in the “Genderqueer or Gender Non-Binary" category.
The following gender categories are combined in “Unknown”: “Data not collected,” “Decline to answer,” “Other,” “Unknown,” “Not Listed,” and “Client Doesn’t Know / Refused.”
Demographic groups with fewer than ten households are reported as “<10” in the table and with a grey bar in the graph reflecting the number 10. Fewer than 10 households served in OCOH-funded permanent housing programs had a head of household who had an unknown gender identity.
Demographic data was unavailable for households served in the SRO Family Rental Subsidy program. Those households are excluded from this dashboard.
Household Demographics: Sexual Orientation
The following dashboard shows the sexual orientation of the head of household for all households served through OCOH Fund permanent housing programs during FY20-21 and FY21-22, where data was available.
Use the filters at the top of the dashboard to view the complete Permanent Housing service area (“All Households”) or to view the sub-categories by population designated through the Fund (Adults, Families, Youth).
Data notes and sources
Data notes and sources
Demographic groups with fewer than ten households are reported as “<10” in the table and with a grey bar in the graph reflecting the number 10. Fewer than 10 households served in shelter and hygiene programs had a head of household who identified as with another gender, or a gender not listed, or were questioning or unsure.
The following sexual orientation categories are combined in “Unknown”: “Client Refused,” “Data Not Collected,” “Unknown,” “Missing Data,” “Decline to Answer.”
Demographic data was unavailable for households served in the SRO Family Rental Subsidy program. Those households are excluded from this dashboard.
Glossary
The glossary provides definitions for certain terms and program names used on this page.
Acquisition
Funds set aside for a capital purchase, e.g., buying a building to serve as housing or a treatment facility.
Allocated Costs
This term refers to an allocated proportion of the cost to administer the services funded by OCOH, including information and technology, human resources, database and data management, finance and administration and other program supports. In most cases, the OCOH Fund is not the only source of funding for programs described here, and the allocation of administrative costs to run these programs accounts for mixed sources.
Site-Based Permanent Supportive Housing
Deeply subsidized rental housing with intensive support services for households experiencing homelessness. Tenants in site-based permanent supportive housing live in a building that is owned or leased by the City or a nonprofit partner. Housing is paired with intensive support services located on site. Some buildings include additional services like nursing, education and job training, youth and child programming, and food security support.
Scattered Site Permanent Supportive Housing
Deeply subsidized rental housing in private market apartments targeted to households experiencing homelessness. Housing is paired with intensive support services delivered off-site or through home visits, but not located at each building.
Rapid Rehousing
A permanent housing intervention that provides a limited term rental subsidy, support with housing search, move in costs, and case management services. RRH aims to help a household stabilize and become self-sufficient in housing. Rapid rehousing frequently targets households that are likely to increase their income, including people who are younger and healthier.
Family Rental Subsidy
There are two programs providing rental subsidies to families. The Family Housing Ladder program provides a permanent rental subsidy to families without services. This program is a step-down option for existing client households who need fewer support services. The SRO Family Subsidies provides a rental subsidy to families with minor children who are living in single-room occupancy (SRO) hotels. The subsidy supports the family in finding more appropriate housing in the private market. Families with minor children living in SROs are considered homeless under certain local and federal statutes, including the OCOH Fund.